Background and Aims: Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis. Brucellosis is principally caused by Brucella abortus which leads to female reproductive failure and potential infertility in males. This study was done to investigate brucellosis epidemiology during 2011-2013 in Amol city.Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, data achieved from medical records of brucellosis patients in Amol Health Center during 2011-2013. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Chi-square was used for data analysis while statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.Results: During 2011-2013, 173 patients were reported. The highest number of brucellosis outbreaks observed in 2013. In this study 60.12% of samples were males and 39.88% were females; 68.21% were rural people and 31.79% were urban residents. The lowest disease occurrence observed in winter (15.59%) and the highest frequency observed in summer (30.62%). In terms of occupationally exposure highest morbidity frequency (32.94%) observed in housewives. A significant and meaningful relationships between gender and the job was found (P<0.05).Conclusion Disease incidence increased in the first 6 months of the year. Furthermore, the patients were mostly rural and men. This study revealed that brucellosis is prevalent in Amol city. Controlling and vaccination of sick animals would reduce the human cases.

Background and Purpose: Nitrate is considered as a major pollutant for groundwater resource. In recent years, the concentration of nitrate in subsurface water is increasing because due to utilization of the of using excessive amount of fertilizers and disposal of wastewater in soils. This research was carried out as descriptive study, in a rural area of Paeen Khiaban Litkooh in Amol City in 2005.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 300 samples were collected from 50 well drinking water in different weather (wet and dry) the samples were taken from each well, 3 times in the wet air and 3 times in the dry air. Nitrate analysis method was Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (Model Jesco 7800 U.V/Visible) at 220 and 275 nm according to "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (20th edition)".Results: The results revealed that, nitrate maximum related to well number38 in a rural qrea with code 8 and with 20.66 mg/l Nitrate as N. Maximum of Nitrate average concerned in rural code 8 with 9.66 mg/l and minimum of nitrate average related to rural code 2 with 1.257mg/l nitrate as N. The results indicated that nitrate was reduced when the depth of water wells increased and ford ware, the value of nitrate in deep wells is more than surface wells.Conclusion: The statistical analysis showed, there is a significant difference between concentrations of nitrate in surface wells drinking water in wet and dry air conditions, but there is not a significant difference between deep well drinking water. The leakage of surface water to the low depth well and lack of sanitation, may be the cause of this difference.

This survey of Salmonella and specifically Salmonella enteritidis contamination in broiler flocks carried out in Amol as one of the most important poultry breeding centers, used as manure, yolk sac, papers and visceral organs from dead birds.Standard cultural methods were used for Salmonella isolation. Slide agglutination or tube agglutination tests were performed using Salmonella somatic O poly A-S antisera and different somatic O monovalent and flagellar H monovalent antisera.Total of 1435 samples (226 pooled samples) collected from 26 farms and 39 houses. Sixty two Salmonella were isolated from all sources that 50 isolates (80.64%) was belonged to group D, 11 isolates (17.74%) group C and 1 isolate (1.61%) unknown. There was occurrence rate 53.84% in 26 farms.Salmonella enteritidis (41 isolates) had an isolation rate of 82% of group D and 66.12% of total Salmonella isolates. This could be shownSalmonella enteritidis is still serious serotype in broilers and causes losses as subacute diseases in poultry and also public health difficulties consequence gastroenteritis in humans by poultry meets cross contamination. Because of vertical transmission of Salmonella enteritidis there is need to create hygiene awareness among broiler breeder’s farms for producing one day chicks without paratyphoid Salmonella.

Introduction: In city branding, what is important is the image of the city in question. What the city is famous for. In city branding, one should maneuver on the specific parameters of that city that can distinguish that city from other similar cities. This work cannot be done in the short term and long-term planning should be done for it. Urban branding approaches have been different in recent years. In the beginning, the emphasis of experts was more on the climatic and geographical features of the city and the prominent business and industries of that city, while in recent years, the role of culture and cultural factors as well as virgin innovations have been more and more noticed in the branding of the city. This main motivation of place branding is to design an attractive image for the city by using spatial and non-spatial features to provide added value in the competition between cities for this purpose of urban design and architecture. Considering the lack of a suitable and clear image of Amol Vity, the main goal of this research is to present the branding model of Amol City with an emphasis on the urban image. Presenting the branding model of Amol City with an emphasis on the urban image. In order to brand Amol City, this research tries to root and explain the mental image of residents and tourists and the potential of Amol city, and after analyzing the key concepts, using foresight, formulate practical guidelines for a possible future.Methodology: This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, identifies the mental image of citizens and the capabilities of the city of Amol. Through questionnaires, documentary studies, and analysis using MICMAC software, it examines the factors influencing urban branding in Amol.Results: This study aims to develop a branding model for the city of Amol with an emphasis on the mental image held by residents and tourists. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and a mixed-methods design combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, the research identifies and analyzes the key factors influencing urban branding. To explore the interrelationships among these factors, foresight methods and the MICMAC software was utilized. A total of 23 main factors related to city branding - including human resource management, infrastructure, services, investment, and tourism— were identified.These factors were arranged in a matrix with identical rows and columns, and the direct influence of each factor on the others was scored between zero and three by 20 experts from relevant fields.To reach consensus, a specialized expert panel completed and refined the decision matrix.The MICMAC analysis produced a coordinate map, with the X-axis representing “dependence” and the Y-axis representing “influence” of each factor. The coordinate plane was divided into four quadrants, allowing for the identification of key driving factors based on their high influence and low dependence. Factors located in this quadrant were recognized as key drivers of the city’s branding process.According to the analysis, the main driving factors are:Human resource management, research and development in science and technology, financial resources, transportation infrastructure, urban service distribution, and tourism attractions.Furthermore, based on expert scoring and the CODAS method, tourists were identified as the primary target group for branding efforts. Amol, characterized by its pristine natural environment, adequate access to services, rich local culture, and favorable social security, enjoys high attractiveness for tourists.The findings demonstrate that a positive mental image of the destination, combined with natural and functional capacities of the city, plays a critical role in enhancing its urban brand. Neglecting these potentials could weaken the city’s competitive position among other destinations.Conclusion: In this regard, and based on the current situation of the city of Amol, recommendations have been proposed to preserve and enhance the quality of the city's existing potentials and to attract investors, grounded in the results of citizen surveys and data analysis. These recommendations have been formulated as practical strategies across various domains, with the aim of branding the city of Amol and sustainably improving its capacities.

Background and objective Transferring injured people to medical centers is one of the important challenges of providing relief in natural and man-made disasters. Often, due to the damage caused by the disaster, it is not possible to transfer the injured to safe medical centers in the short term. Establishing field hospitals in suitable places is one of the common solutions in these situations. This study aims address the problem of location selection for field hospitals using mathematical modeling and asses how to allocate resources, including medical staff and needed medications by the temporary hospitals. Method This study presents an integer programming model for the location selection problem. To evaluate the proposed model, the real data from Amol City was collected and used as inputs. The optimal solution was determined using GAMS 25.1 optimization software. Results The calculation results illustrated the best place for the establishment of field hospitals, which is located in Banafsheh Park. It has also been determined that each deployed field hospital should have 60 beds. In addition, the optimal number of medical personnel and relief vehicles for relief operations was determined. The sensitivity analysis has also shown that if any of the hospitals located in Amol is damaged and inactive due to an accident, Hefdeh Shahrivar Square is a suitable place to build a field hospital.  Conclusion The results of this study can help authorities in Amol city to make the best decisions regarding where to establish field hospitals and how to use the limited available resources during disasters. The main innovation of the presented model also is the location of field hospitals along with considering the active hospitals around the affected areas so that the injured can be transferred to the active hospitals in addition to the constructed field hospitals. In this model, a constraint has been applied to complete the service time, so that the rescue vehicles have a limited time to transport the injured to the rescue centers.

The issue of creating and maintaining totality, from the very small components to the view of city, is something that seriously challenges designers nowadays. The growth of a city neither is emerged in the mind of a person nor in the mind of a cohesive group. The texture and structure of today's cities is the consequence of a process which began long ago. Knowing the architecture and historical urbanism can provide an appropriate context to understand the traditional patterns, in respect to which, one can create works that besides having suitable structural and functional properties, they have good cultural identity. In a view on the historical cities they can be perceived as a comprehensive and coherent whole. This integrity is not only conceivable in the wholeness of city but also in its smallest possible components.According to the theory of holographic “WHOLE IS WITHIN A PART WHICH IS WITHIN A WHOLE”. One of the greatest achievements of human is urbanism. The form of the city has always been and will be the relentless index of the degree of human civilization. In terms of how the city came into existence, it may just be inferred from the scope of imagination rather than observable facts. Understanding the atmosphere of historical architecture and city, a good context for understanding the traditional patterns can be provided. According to these patterns, one can create works that besides having appropriate physical and functional characteristics, demonstrate a proper cultural identity. Successful streets, spaces, villages and cities have common characteristics. These factors have been reviewed and analyzed to produce good urban design principles or objectives. Old spaces have an identity which is formed gradually and in response to local needs. Development that is sensitive to the site and its context can create a place that is worthwhile and desirable for the eyes. Development is either in direction of integration and coordination of urban fabric or undermines it. Urban design issues are often applying good and appropriate methods and also considering the fact that every building is part of a larger whole. The purpose of this paper is to explain a holographic model to identify the major effective variables in urban growth and development and to make planners, policy makers and city managers avoid the occurrence of abnormal development in the cities of our country. The major variables in this paper include the concept of context, neighborhood and region.To explain the development, a holographic pattern is defined and its function in urban development is evaluated. In this paper, it is tried to provide a brief overview of the concepts of the component and the whole, unity and diversity based on holographic theory, through which an appropriate approach is chosen to identify and examine the atmospheric or physical change of the old texture of Amol in different historical periods to date. Many theories have been proposed in this field.The method is interpretative–historical. The concepts will be reexamined through historical narrative of analyses and proofs. In this study, the statistical population is the old and historic context of Amol. Due to the large population and limited time deductive reasoning is used to identify the target population. For this purpose, Kardgar, Chaksr, Mashayi, and Paein Bazaar neighborhoods are selected as sample points. This hypothesis tries to convert holographic view to a model which can cover the existence of wholeness in components in architecture and city planning; it will be carried out by analyzing the historical texture of Amol. This paper aims to explain the holographic model to understand the major factors affecting the development; factors such as textures, neighborhoods and districts. This “model”, can show their experiences in a variety of architectural works, without duplicating prior works. In this article, at first, it is tried to identify the holographic idea of scientists and then explore an appropriate pattern to analyze architectural and urban planning works and serve to deepen the study of architectural history of Iran.

This article tries to research the demographic components that change the urban housing. For this purpose, it has been used the demographic components that seem to have the most influence on housing in Amol city. In continue of the research, has been used the descriptive-analytic method. Finding of research shows the impact of the demographic components (growth rate, number and size family, structure age of population and migration…) on the urban housing. in a way that the demographic components of Amol city indicates that the demand rate is in front of the supply rate. Finally, an interaction has been observed between these subjects. But unfortunately, it is not regarded enough by housing planners in Iran and it needs more attention.

The service and social inequalities resulting from poor urban conditions underline the necessity of focusing more on children, who constitute a vulnerable and crucial segment of society. Meeting children’s needs and demands within the framework of child-friendly city principles is essential. This study aims to assess the status of child-friendly city components and indicators in Amol, prioritizing them based on feedback from children and their parents. The research methodology involves surveys, questionnaires, and interviews with children as the analysis units and the entire child population of Amol as the statistical population. Through Cochran's sampling method, 250 samples were chosen using cluster random sampling. Data analysis employed the one-sample t-test and Friedman's test. The findings indicate that not all components of a child-friendly city are deficient and exhibit a notable deviation from the desired level. Moreover, there is a significant variance in the importance levels of these components; notably, access to services ranks highest in priority, while participation and valuing of children rank lowest. This suggests a lack of attention to fulfilling children's needs and desires within the context of child-friendly city components. Children have not been adequately acknowledged as stakeholders in development decisions. To enhance child-friendly indicators, prioritizing children's participation and recognizing their value are imperative.